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Dandruff remains one of the most common scalp conditions worldwide, affecting a large proportion of adults regardless of ethnic background. For years, it has been mainly associated with Malassezia overgrowth. Yet recent evidence shows that dandruff is more complex than a simple fungal imbalance. 

In the ongoing struggle against infectious diseases, while viruses and bacteria often take center stage, invasive fungal infections represent a silent but growing threat to global health. The emergence of antifungal-resistant strains and the high mortality rates associated with systemic candidiasis make the development of relevant preclinical models critical.

The Malassezia genus includes several species of yeast that are naturally present on the skin. These yeasts have recently undergone significant taxonomic revisions and are attracting considerable interest in human and animal pathology. Among them are M. globosa, M. furfur, and M. restricta, which we will focus on in this review.

Climate change is not only reshaping our environment — it’s also accelerating the spread of infectious diseases, including dangerous fungal pathogens.