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Most bacteria live in the form of biofilms, that is, aggregated communities of microorganisms with a complex architecture, encapsulated within a network of hydrated polysaccharides and DNA. The formation of these biofilms confers substantial robustness to bacteria. Indeed, biofilm-associated infections are particularly problematic due to antimicrobial resistance.

Atopic dermatitis  is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense itching and recurrent lesions. Nowadays, it’s considered one of the most common chronic diseases, affecting up to 20% of children and approximately 10% of adults. AD is now understood as a complex and multifactorial disease. It includes genetic abnormalities, alterations of the epidermal barrier, and an imbalance of the cutaneous microbiota. In this context, the study of the microbiome emerges as a central focus, as it's now clearly established that dysbiosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD and its severity.