Background of cytotoxicity

Determining the cytotoxic activity of an ingredient or molecule in preclinical studies is done to evaluate its safety profile.
By testing a new compound on various cell lines (e.g., liver, kidney, or heart cells), highly toxic molecules can quickly be identified.
Using different cell types, one can predict which organs might be susceptible to damage. For example, a compound that is highly cytotoxic to a liver cell line might indicate a risk of hepatotoxicity in a living organism.

Background of in vitro 3D organoid model development

Cell culture remains a cornerstone of preclinical drug development, particularly in infectious diseases and respiratory research. Historically, two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems have been widely used due to their simplicity and scalability. However, these models fail to reproduce the architectural complexity, cellular heterogeneity, and physiological responses of native human tissues.

Background of in vitro- 3D tissue model development

• Cell culture is an important and necessary process in drug discovery and cancer research
• Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture has been the method used to culture cells since the early 1900s but has many limitations due to 2D models inaccurately representing tissue cells in vitro
• 3D tissue model of the human airways EpiAlveolar (MatTek) was engine